It shouldn't be a surprise to anyone that these letter shapes are familiar. They have the unmistakable color and weight of Cooper Black, Oswald Cooper's most famous typeface from 1921. What should be a surprise is that these letters are actually from George Auriol's Robur Noir (or Robur Black), published in France circa 1909 by the Peignot foundry as a bolder, solid counterpart to its popular Auriol typeface (1901). This face precedes Cooper Black by a dozen of years and a whole Great War. Cooper Black has always been a bit of a strange typographical apparition to anyone who tried to explain its original purpose, instant popularity in the 1920s, and major revival in the late 1960s. BB&S and Oswald Cooper PR aside, it is quite evident that the majority of Cooper Black's forms did not evolve from Cooper Old Style, as its originators claimed. And the claim that it collected various Art Nouveau elements is of course too ambiguous to be questioned. But when compared with Robur Noir, the "elements" in question can hardly be debated. The chronology of this "machine age" ad face in metal is amusing and stands as somewhat of a general index of post-Great War global industrial competition: - 1901: Peignot releases Auriol, based on the handwriting of George Auriol (the "quintessential Art Nouveau designer," according to Steven Heller and Louise Fili), and it becomes very popular. - 1909-1912: Peignot releases the Robur family of faces. The eight styles released are Robur Noir and its italic, a condensed version called Robur Noir Allongée (Elongated) and its italic, an outline version called Clair De Lune and its condensed/elongated, a lined/striped version called Robur Tigre, and its condensed/elongated counterpart. - 1914 to 1918: World War One uses up economies on both sides of the Atlantic, claims Georges Peignot with a bullet to the forehead, and non-war industry stalls for 4 years. - 1921: BB&S releases Cooper Black with a lot of hype to hungry publishing, manufacturing and advertising industries. - 1924: Robert Middleton releases Ludlow Black. - 1924: The Stevens Shanks foundry, the British successor to the Figgins legacy, releases its own exact copies of Robur Noir and Robur Noir Allongée, alongside a lined version called Royal Lining. - 1925: Oswald Cooper releases his Cooper Black Condensed, with similar math to Robur Noir Allongée (20% reduction in width and vectical stroke). - 1925: Monotype releases Frederick Goudy's Goudy Heavy, an "answer to Cooper Black". Type historians gravely note it as the "teacher steals from his student" scandal. Goudy Heavy Condensed follows a few years later. - 1928: Linotype releases Chauncey Griffith's Pabst Extra Bold. The condensed counterpart is released in 1931. When type production technologies changed and it was time to retool the old faces for the Typositor age, Cooper Black was a frontrunning candidate, while Robur Noir was all but erased from history. This was mostly due to its commercial revival by flourishing and media-driven music and advertising industries. By the late 1960s variations and spinoffs of Cooper Black were in every typesetting catalog. In the early- to mid-1970s, VGC, wanting to capitalize on the Art Nouveau onslaught, published an uncredited exact copy of Robur Black under the name Skylark. But that also went with the dust of history and PR when digital tech came around, and Cooper Black was once again a prime retooling candidate. The "old fellows stole all of our best ideas" indeed. So almost a hundred years after its initial fizz, Robur is here in digital form, to reclaim its rightful position as the inspiration for, and the best alternative to, Cooper Black. Given that its forms date back to the turn of the century, a time when foundry output had a closer relationship to calligraphic and humanist craft, its shapes are truer to brush strokes and much more idiosyncratic than Cooper Black in their totality's construct. Robur and Robur Italic come in all popular font formats. Language support includes Western, Central and Eastern European character sets, as well as Baltic, Esperanto, Maltese, Turkish, and Celtic/Welsh languages. A range of complementary f-ligatures and a few alternates letters are included within the fonts.

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Desktop License (Desktop)

"Desktop" refers to the computer, the desktop license allows you to install the fonts on your computer for offline design purposes, including the design of logos, posters, merchandise, magazines, etc. For example, the static images you design with fonts on your computer are allowed to be distributed at will (regardless of online or offline use); however, you cannot embed the fonts in any form. However, the font file cannot be embedded in your work in any form, that is to say, the font file cannot leave your computer, for example, it is not allowed to convert the font format and embed it in web pages or embed it in PPT and then distribute it; it should be noted that some copyright holders may additionally stipulate that the font is not allowed to be used for the design of LOGO and other specified purposes.

The license is usually licensed according to the number of users, the number of users refers to the number of computers that may have the font installed; the desktop license is generally valid for life, if there is a specified number of years our purchase page will be prompted; the works designed within the validity of the license can be used for life, but if you need to continue to use the font for design outside the validity of the license, you need to purchase a new license.

Webfont

As the name implies, webfont license is a kind of license that allows font files to be embedded into various web pages. Regardless of whether the font files are converted or not, and regardless of whether the font files are fully embedded or partially embedded, the license is required for any form of font files embedded into web pages.

Different copyright holders have different ways of selling web page licenses. In addition to the license period, they usually specify the total number of views or monthly views within the license period, you can choose to purchase according to your website needs.

Application License (App)

App license allows you to embed the font file into the APP you develop or operate, no matter it is game APP, education APP, music APP, any APP that embeds the font file needs to obtain the license.

Application license can be sold in various forms according to the license period, installed volume, APP quantity, etc.

E-book License (ePub)

The ePub license allows font files to be embedded in an electronic publication, but the font software cannot be installed in the operating system running the electronic publication.

This license can be sold in various forms such as license period, number of titles, total number of devices, and number of views.

Server License (Server)

The Server license allows you to install fonts on the licensed server in a way that they cannot be extracted, but not on any other computer or processing unit.

This license can be sold in various forms according to the license term, number of CPU cores, number of clients, etc.

Digital Ads License (Digital Ads)

The Digital Ads license allows you to access, download, and use the Web fonts provided in the Web Font Kit to create digital ads, but only for the purpose of publishing digital ads on the output device.

The license can be sold in a variety of formats based on license duration, number of releases, number of exposures, etc.

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After you complete the payment, the service provider will procure the relevant authorization for you in the first time, and the authorization process will usually be completed within 24 hours. After the procurement is completed, you can view the authorization voucher in the order details and download the font file or apply for invoicing.

Usually the "licensee" of font software license should be the end-user of the design solution, so the owner of the design solution must obtain the relevant authorization of the font used, and some authorization methods (such as desktop license) specify the number of terminals to be used, so all computers using the font for design or modification of the solution need to obtain authorization.

You can select or add "Licensee" information when you submit your order, and fill in your customer information in the "Licensee" form.

Windows system: Copy the font file directly to C:/Windows/Fonts, or right-click the font file and select "Install"; Mac system: Double-click the font file - click Install, or open "Applications "-"Font Book", drag the fonts into it.

Due to the operating system or software version, if you can't find the installed font in the software, we suggest you restart the system first, the font may be shown in the list as Chinese or English name, please look for it carefully, as long as the font is installed successfully, the font must exist in the font list.

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